How to find the right Career Option after 12th Standard - A Process by Eduberance

How to find the right Career Option after 12th - A Process by Eduberance
ERA - Explore Realise Achieve Your True Potential

In a student’s life, transitioning from a school to a college is a momentous occasion which he/she eagerly awaits. While the excitement is at an all-time high, there is palpable apprehension and anxiety that surrounds the question “What next?”. The opportunities are plenty as a number of avenues have opened up for the students. This leads to a lot of confusion as well. In this article, we try to break down the different careers based on the streams for easy understanding that will help you make an informed decision.

Science without Biology (PCM)
Let’s begin with the opportunities that the Science (without Biology) stream offers.

A student opting for the science stream with core subjects Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics can pursue Engineering, Architecture or any graduate degree in science such as B.Sc Mathematics, B.Sc Computer Science etc. The most popular degrees are:

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B.E/B.Tech  
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B.Arch  
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Integrated M.Tech  
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B.Sc (any science discipline)  
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BCA
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A student can also choose to join the National Defence Academy, Pune.

Science with Biology (PCB/PCMB)
Students who have opted the Science stream with Biology along with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics have the option of pursuing Medical Sciences, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dentistry etc. Students can also do microbiology or pursue research in any of the medical fields. Needless to say they can pursue any graduate degree in Science such as B.Sc Physics, B.Sc Chemistry etc. Some of the degree courses are:

MBBS
BDS
B.Sc Post Basic Nursing
Paramedical
B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy)

Arts/Humanities Group
Students who have chosen the Arts / Humanities stream have the following options to choose from:

Law
Mass Communication
Journalism
Hospitality Management
Graphic Designing
Fashion Designing
Animation
Travel & Tourism Management

The degree courses are
B.A (Bachelor of Arts) in any discipline
B.A in Arts (Fine/Visual/Performing) - depending on the choice of subject in classes 11 & 12.
B.Des in Animation
BA LLB
Bachelors in Journalism & Mass Communication (BJMC)
BHM (Hospitality & Travel)
Bachelor of Journalism (BJ)
B.A in Animation
Diploma in Education
BCA (IT & Software)
BFA (Bachelor of FIne Arts)

Commerce Group
For students who have chosen the Commerce discipline the options are courses in Banking, Finance, Taxation, Accounts etc.

BCom
BCom (Hons)
BBA LLB
BCom LLB
BBA/BMS
BBA/MBA
BCA
CA (Chartered Accountant)
CS (Company Secretary)

What are the various entrance exams conducted at the national level?
In order to get admission into the top colleges of the country, national level exams are conducted annually. The most common ones are listed below:

Engineering Entrance Exams - JEE Main, JEE Advanced
Medical Entrance Exams - NEET(UG), NEET(PG), AIIMS (MBBS)
Science Entrance Exams - NEST, IIT JAM, JEST
Law Entrance Exams - CLAT, AILET, LSAT
Hospitality Entrance Exams - NCHMCT JEE
MassComm Entrance Exams - IIMC Entrance Exam, XIC-OET, JMI Entrance Exam
Design Entrance Exam - NID, NIFT
Humanities Entrance Exam - JNUEE, CUET, DUET, PUBDET

What are the various career options after completing class 12?

ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Mechanical Engineering
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Computer Science & Information Technology
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Civil Engineering
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) Mechanical Engineering
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) Civil Engineering
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) Computer Science
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) Electronics & Communication
The primary difference between B.Tech & B.E. courses, is that B.Tech is more skill oriented whereas B.E. courses are knowledge-based.
What are the skills required for a student pursuing Engineering?
Problem solving, structural analysis, team work, communication, time management, attention to detail, industry related skills, data modelling, and leadership skills.
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         **What are the pros and cons of pursuing engineering?**  
         Pros \- Engineers are always in demand, there is no dearth of jobs, good salary.   
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Cons - Imbalance in supply and demand i.e. too many engineers vying for the same position, long working hours.

HUMANITIES / ARTS

Bachelor of Arts (BA) English
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Economics
Bachelor of Arts (BA) History
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Political Science
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Sociology
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Hindi
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Geography
Bachelor of Arts (BA) English (Hons.)
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Psychology (Hons.)
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Sanskrit
What are the skills required for a student pursuing the Humanities / Arts stream?
Collaboration, critical thinking, communication, thorough subject knowledge, presentation skills, networking skills, creative thinking, passion, and unique style.
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            **What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in the humanities / arts field?**  
             Pros \- Multiple career options, many opportunities to freelance  
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Cons - Salary may be relatively low as compared to other fields, it is not considered at par with other streams such as science

SCIENCE

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Physics
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Chemistry
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Botany
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Computer Science
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Mathematics
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Zoology
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Biotechnology
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Microbiology

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Information Technology

What are the skills required for a student pursuing the Science stream? Interpretation skills, communication, research skills, writing skills, teamwork, scientific knowledge, and presentation skills.

                  **What are the pros and cons of pursuing the science stream?**  
                  Pros \- Lot of opportunities, in demand all the time, lot of options  
                  Cons \- Vast field, continuous study is required to stay updated.

MANAGEMENT

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
Bachelor of Business Management (BBM)
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Marketing
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Human Resources Management
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Finance
Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS)
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Hons.
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) International Business
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Computer Applications
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Digital Marketing
What are the skills required for a student pursuing management studies? Communication, verbal & non-verbal skills, listening skills, delegation, transparency, teamwork, problem resolution, decision making, strategic thinking, change management, appreciation, and employee retention.
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          **What are the pros and cons of pursuing management as a career?**  
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Pros - Good pay esp if you acquire a PG from a reputed institute, good career growth
Cons - Lot of stress esp in fields such as sales & marketing, uncertainty as failure to deliver could lead to undesirable consequences

COMMERCE

Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Computer Applications
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Hons.
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Accounting & Finance
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Banking & insurance
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Corporate Secretaryship
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Taxation
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Accountancy Hons.
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Finance

Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) Hons. Accounting & Finance.

What are the skills required for a student pursuing Commerce?

  Should be good at case studies, expert at calculations, presentation skills, basic business skills, communication, and proficiency in numbers, 

  **What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in commerce?**

  Pros \- Lot of opportunities for entrepreneurship, good pay

 Cons \- Stress in jobs that especially involves financial dealings as a lot is at stake

MEDICAL

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)
Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT)
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Medical Laboratory Technology
Diploma in Medical Laboratory (DMLT)
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery (BAMS)
Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery (BHMS)
Bachelor of Science B.Sc. (Optometry)
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Operation Theatre Technology
Diploma in Physiotherapy

What are the skills required for a student pursuing medical studies? Communication skills, time management, collaboration skills, empathy, technical skills, service oriented, cultural competence, teamwork, ethical responsibility to self and others, resilience, adaptability, reliability, social skills, and quick thinking.

What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in the medical field?
Pros - Prestigious and well respected career, excellent pay, can set up on clinic/hospital
Cons- Accountability, lot of stress, long working hours

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) English
Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P.Ed.)
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Physical Science
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Mathematics
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) History
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Tamil
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Biological Sciences

What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in teaching / education?

Communication skills, approachability, build trust & relationships, community building skills, listening skills, strong work ethics, excellent organisation skills, presentation skills, critical thinking skills, patience, leadership skills, time management, conflict resolution skills,
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                  **What are the pros and cons of pursuing  a career in education?**  
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Pros - Lot of opportunities as there is no dearth of availability of jobs, can work as a freelancer and set up own teaching institute, convenient working hours
Cons- Comparatively less pay, lack of support from parents/guardians can be a hindrance, may be burdened with multiple roles
8. DESIGN

Bachelor of Design (B.Des) Fashion Design
Bachelor of Design (B.Des) Interior Design
Bachelor of Design (B.Des) Textile Design
Diploma in Fashion Design
Diploma in interior Design
Diploma in Textile Design
Advanced Diploma in Fashion Design

What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in design?

Problem solving ability, marketing, print knowledge, social media & networking, flexibility, time management, communication, spatial skills, budgeting skills, ability to visualise, creativity, and attention to detail.

                     **What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in design?**

Pros - Opportunities to express the creative self, good pay, freelance opportunities
Cons- Highly competitive field that comes with a lot of stress, difficult to establish a good name and reputation,

9. PARAMEDICAL

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Nursing

Post Basic Bachelor of Science ( P.B.B.Sc.) Nursing

Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Technology (BMLT)

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General Nursing & Midwifery (GNM)  
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Diploma in Gynaecology & Obstetrics (DGO)

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Diploma in Child Health (DCH)  
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Diploma in Optometry  
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Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology

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Diploma in Orthopaedics   
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Diploma in Ophthalmology  
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Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Cardiac Technology

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Physician Assistant.

Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy (DDVL)

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Anaesthesia Technology

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Hons. Nursing.

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Nuclear Medicine Technology

Bachelor of Paramedical Technology (BPMT)

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Neurophysiology Technology

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Diploma in Dermatology  
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Diploma in Clinical Research  
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What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in paramedical services?
Problem solving skills, interpersonal skills, physical strength, ability to learn from mistakes, team player, mentally tough, and ability to adapt to working for long hours.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in the paramedical services?
Pros - Job satisfaction as you help those in need, Career diversification opportunities, good career growth
Cons - Stressful job, huge responsibility, dealing with lot of emotional issues, health risk that comes with the job

10. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) Hons.
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Computer Technology
Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA) Data Science
Diploma in Computer Application (DCA)
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in computer studies / applications?
Document writing, editing skills, coding skills, presentation skills, computer typing skills, photo editing, graphic designing, basic computer hardware and maintenance skills, internet research and online learning skills, data management, social media skills, and digital communication skills.

What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in computer sciences?
Pros - Good pay, plenty of placement opportunities, lot of scope to study online
Cons - stiff competition from peers as many opt for this fast growing field, continuous learning process as new developments and upgrades are the norm

  11\. **HOTEL MANAGEMENT**

Bachelor of Hotel Management & Catering Technology (BHMCT)
Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM)
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Hospitality & Hotel Administration
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Catering Science & Hotel Management
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Hospitality Studies
Diploma in Bakery & Confectionery
Diploma in Hospitality Management
Diploma in Hotel Management & Catering Technology
Diploma in Food & Beverage Service
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in hospitality? Interpersonal skills, communication skills, detail-oriented, operation knowledge, team building, financial management, flexibility, customer service skills, multitasking skills, language skills, and cultural knowledge and awareness.
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     **What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in the hospitality industry?**  
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Pros - Lot of demand for this field as the hotel and tourism industry is always thriving, pay is also good, if you are a social person then this field will bring opportunities to meet a lot of new people
Cons - Long working hours, you have to put up with a lot of bickering from customers, can be stressful at times with a lot of internal tensions and expectations

12. LAW

Bachelor of Law (L.L.B)
Bachelor of Arts + Bachelor of Law (B.A. L.L.B.)
Bachelor of Business Administration + Bachelor of Law (B.B.A. L.L.B.)
Bachelor of Commerce + Bachelor of Law (B.Com. L.L.B)
Bachelor of Science + Bachelor of Law (B.Sc. L.L.B)
Bachelor of Law (L.L.B.) Hons.
Diploma in Taxation Law (DTL)
Diploma in Labour Laws & Labour Welfare
Diploma in Criminology
Bachelor of law (L.L.B.) Intellectual Property Rights
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in Law?
Critical thinking, analytical thinking, communication skills, research skills, organisation skills, managerial skills, teamwork, interpretation skills, public speaking skills, and time management.
What are the pros and cons of becoming a lawyer?
Pros - Wide variety of options to choose from right from tax law, criminal law to cyber security laws etc., you can choose to set up your own practice, financially rewarding career option
Cons - High levels of stress comes with this job, long working hours, you may not have the option of choosing your own clients

13. Mass Communication

Bachelor of Journalism & Mass Communication (BJMC)
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Journalism & Mass Communication
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Hons. Journalism & Mass Communication
Bachelor of Mass Media (B.M.M.)
Bachelor of Mass Communication (B.M.C.)
Diploma in Photography
Diploma in Journalism & Mass Communication
Diploma in Multimedia (DMM)
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in mass communication?
Public speaking, visual design, problem solving, media relations, conflict resolution, interpersonal communications, research and analysis, leadership, and decision making skills.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in mass communication?
Pros - Opportunity to work on exciting and challenging projects, meet a lot of interesting people on the job
Cons - Long working hours, pay not be at par with the hard work, there is always stress and risk depending on the work profile

14. AGRICULTURE

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Agriculture
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Hons. Agriculture
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Horticulture Science
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Fisheries
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Agronomy
Diploma in Agriculture
Diploma in Horticulture
Diploma in Animal Husbandry
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in agricultural sciences?
Adaptability, time management, organisational skills, tech-savvy, basic budgeting skills, marketing skills, interpersonal skills, financial management, natural resource management, sustainability innovative methods, and group management skills.
What are the pros and cons of a career in agriculture?
Pros - Exciting career option which can bring about revolutionary changes, feel good factor, you enjoy the work you do
Cons - Not many opportunities for career growth, pay may not as good

15. ANIMATION

Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Animation
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Animation & Multimedia
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Animation & VFX
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Animation & Visual Effect
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Multimedia (Animation & Graphics)
Bachelor of Design (B.Des.) Animation
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Animation Film Making
Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) Animation
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in animation?
Creativity, team work, attention to fine detail, organisation skills, ability to challenge oneself, emotive communication, self-motivation, practical know-how, software-savvy, and social media skills.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in animation?
Pros - Opportunity to express your creativity, you can earn well depending on your talent
Cons - Finding opportunities can be a challenge, you may not get the creative freedom to express yourself

16. PHARMACY

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm)
Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm)
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) Ayurveda
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) Pharmaceuticals
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) Pharmaceuticals Chemistry
Diploma in Ayurvedic Pharmacy
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) + Master of Business Administration (MBA)
Bachelor of pharmacy (B.Pharm) Pharmacology
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in pharmaceutical sciences?
Multi-tasking, diligence, critical thinking skills, effective communication, proficiency in prioritising tasks, patience, active listening, compassion, physical stamina, and reading comprehension.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in pharmaceutical sciences?
Pros - Flexible work options, opportunity to help, meet lot of people socially
Cons - Repetitive nature of work, you may need recertifications, nature of job can be stressful
17. Veterinary Sciences
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) & A.H.
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Animal Nutrition
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Livestock Production & Management
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Veterinary Pathology
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Veterinary Microbiology
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Animal Genetics & Breeding
Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences (BVSC) Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in veterinary sciences?
Compassion, analytical skills, interpersonal skills, problem-solving, scientific aptitude, critical thinking, management skills, manual dexterity, observation, behavioural and social attributes.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in the veterinary sciences?
Pros - Tremendous job satisfaction, plenty of job opportunities, you can even set up your own clinic
Cons - You need to put in a lot of years of study, you will on call at all times for emergencies, work is both physically and mentally demanding
18. AVIATION
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Aviation
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Airport Management
Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (AME) Mechanical Stream
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) Avionics Stream
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Aviation
Diploma in Aviation
Private Pilot Licence
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in aviation?
Excellent communication, situational awareness, spatial skills, team-working skills, decisiveness, quick thinking, ability to be calm at stressful situations, confidence, self-confidence, leadership skills, technically sound, excellent mathematical skills, and creative skills.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in aviation?
Pros - Enjoyable work experience, flexible work schedules, excellent salary
Cons - Constant travellin can get tiring, irregular work hours, stressful job as it comes with a lot of responsibility

19. ARCHITECTURE

Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch)
Bachelor of Planning
Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) Interior Design
Diploma in Construction Management (DCM)
Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) Landscape Architecture
Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) Building Construction Technology
What are the skills required for a student pursuing a career in architecture?
Attention to detail, analytical mind, good with numbers, excellent drawing and design skills, creativity, leadership skills, critical thinking, effective communication, and organisation skills.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in architecture?
Pros - Opportunities to express your creativity, freelance jobs, you can set up your own company, excellent salary
Cons - Takes time to establish a good name and reputation, very competitive field, uncertainty in times of recession

20. DENTAL

Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) General Surgery
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Prosthodontics
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Orthodontics
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Oral Medicine & Radiology
What are the skills required for a student pursuing dental sciences?
Interpersonal skills, hand-eye coordination, good work ethics, entrepreneurship skills, attention to detail, leadership skills, research skills, manual dexterity, good communication skills, research skills, and compassion.
What are the pros and cons of pursuing a career in dental sciences?
Pros - Opportunity to help people, can set up own practice, excellent pay, job security
Cons - Have to spend many years to acquire a degree, can be physically tiring, very competitive field

21. VOCATIONAL COURSES

Bachelor of Vocational Studies (B.Voc.) Software Development
Bachelor of Vocational Studies (B.Voc.)
Bachelor of Vocational Studies (B.Voc.) Automobiles
Diploma in Secretarial Practice
Diploma in Visual Merchandising
What are the skills required for a student pursuing vocational courses? Communication skills, adaptive thinking, critical thinking, problem solving, soft skills , perspective, inquiry skills, technology skills, and collaboration skills.